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lunedì 2 marzo 2020
# gst: continuous, (not intermittent, perpetual) tremors and slips ...
sabato 8 giugno 2019
# gst: triggering earthquakes, even the slightest stress can set off a tremor
<< A new study reveals the inner workings of tidally triggered earthquakes, and finds that even the slightest stress can set off a tremor. >>
Solved: How tides can trigger earthquakes. Earth Institute At Columbia University. Jun 7, 2019.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/eiac-sht060519.php
<< The strong tidal triggering of mid-ocean ridge earthquakes has remained unexplained because the earthquakes occur preferentially during low tide, when normal faulting earthquakes should be inhibited. >>
AA << show that the axial magma chamber inflates/deflates in response to tidal stresses, producing Coulomb stresses on the faults that are opposite in sign to those produced by the tides. When the magma chamber’s bulk modulus is sufficiently low, the phase of tidal triggering is inverted. >>
Christopher H. Scholz, Yen Joe Tan, Fabien Albino. The mechanism of tidal triggering of earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges. Nature Communications 10, Article number: 2526 June 7, 2019.
martedì 23 febbraio 2021
# gst: a slow motion can triggers strong, fast-slip (many miles away)
lunedì 9 ottobre 2017
# gst: detect and monitor a deep tremor
<< “Deep tremor is very sensitive to small stress changes,” Chao [Kevin Chao] said. “So, we decided to use them as stress meters to monitor local variations in stress build-up and release before and after large earthquakes” >>
Amanda Morris. Do Earthquakes Have a ‘Tell’? Data scientists and seismologists use “deep tremor” to forecast strong earthquakes. Oct 5, 2017.
http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2017/10/do-earthquakes-have-a-tell.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171005151119.htm
Kevin Chao, Zhigang Peng, et al.
Temporal variation of tectonic tremor activity in southern Taiwan around the 2010 ML6.4 Jiashian earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2017; 122(7): 5417–34 doi: 10.1002/2016JB013925
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JB013925/abstract
also
venerdì 24 giugno 2016
# s-gst: unexpected silent zones in interseismic period, a long-standing enigma ...
<< Why many major strike-slip faults known to have had large earthquakes are silent in the interseismic period is a long-standing enigma. One would expect small earthquakes to occur at least at the bottom of the seismogenic zone, where deeper aseismic deformation concentrates loading. [AA] suggest that the absence of such concentrated microseismicity indicates deep rupture past the seismogenic zone in previous large earthquakes >>
Bob Yirka. New theory to explain why some fault segments remain quiet between quakes. June 10, 2016.
http://m.phys.org/news/2016-06-theory-fault-segments-quiet-quakes.html
Junle Jiang , Nadia Lapusta. Deeper penetration of large earthquakes on seismically quiescent faults. Science 10 Jun 2016: Vol. 352, Issue 6291, pp. 1293-1297 DOI:10.1126/science.aaf1496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf1496
FonT: quando una decina di giorni fa ho letto questa news, chissa' perche', ho pensato a BRexit ...
BRexit: http://www.bbc.com/news/politics/eu_referendum/results
martedì 1 novembre 2016
# s-behav: the intricate performance (dancing and singing) of a jumping spider
AA << present behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that [Jumping spiders (Salticidae)] perceive and respond to airborne acoustic stimuli, even when the distance between the animal and the sound source is relatively large (∼3 m) and with stimulus amplitudes at the position of the spider of ∼65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) >>
<< Behavioral experiments with the jumping spider Phidippus audax reveal that these animals respond to low-frequency sounds (80 Hz; 65 dB SPL) by freezing—a common anti-predatory behavior characteristic of an acoustic startle response >>
<< Neurophysiological recordings from auditory-sensitive neural units in the brains of these jumping spiders showed responses to low-frequency tones (80 Hz at ∼65 dB SPL)—recordings that also represent the first record of acoustically responsive neural units in the jumping spider brain. Responses persisted even when the distances between spider and stimulus source exceeded 3 m and under anechoic conditions. >>
Paul S. Shamble, Gil Menda, et al.
Airborne Acoustic Perception by a Jumping Spider. Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.041 Publ. Oct. 13, 2016
http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30985-X
Jaymi Heimbuch. Jumping spider males dance and sing ... Oct. 4, 2016.
FonT: sarebbe interessante valutare se e quanto tempo prima la struttura neuroacustica del Phidippus audax sia in grado di percepire e discriminare le basse freq dei movimenti tellurici profondi che successivamente manifesteranno macro episodi di superficie (earthquake).
also:
Richard A. Lovett. Scientists Seek Foolproof Signal to Predict Earthquakes. National Geographic News. Jan. 5, 2013
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/04-earthquakees-defy-prediction-efforts/
Vanessa Bates Ramirez. Earthquakes Will Be as Predictable as Hurricanes Thanks to AI. Sep 27, 2016
http://singularityhub.com/2016/09/27/earthquakes-will-be-as-predictable-as-hurricanes-thanks-to-ai
martedì 13 agosto 2019
# gst: early seismic waves could allow to glimpse the power of the main temblor
AA << explore databases of earthquake source time functions and find that they are composed of distinct peaks that (..) call subevents (..) the main event magnitude can be estimated after observing only the first few subevents. >>
Philippe Danre, Jiuxun Yin, et al. Earthquakes Within Earthquakes: Patterns in Rupture Complexity. Geophysical Research Letters. Volume 46, Issue 13. doi: 10.1029/ 2019GL083093. Jun 25, 2019. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL083093
Anna Fiorentino. Early seismic waves hold the clue to the power of the main temblor. Harvard University. Aug 8, 2019. https://m.phys.org/news/2019-08-early-seismic-clue-power-main.html
mercoledì 12 agosto 2020
# gst: temblors with a 'boomerang' effect
martedì 26 settembre 2017
# gst: to estimate a minimum size of an earthquake
<< Although the overall size of an earthquake cannot be predicted from the rate of energy release, a minimum size can be estimated. Estimating this minimum size could add valuable seconds to early earthquake warning algorithms >>
M.A. Meier, J. P. Ampuero, T. H. Heaton. The hidden simplicity of subduction megathrust earthquakes. Science Sep 22, 2017: 357 (6357): 1277-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aan5643
sabato 14 luglio 2018
# gst: the 'memory' of a friction
<< Contrary to what you may have learned in high school, friction between two surfaces is not constant. For a wide range of materials and surface types, it increases with time, as microscopically uneven surfaces deform and come into closer contact. Experiments now find an additional wrinkle: friction can have a memory, meaning that it can depend not only on the current state of the interface but also on how it got there. The findings hint at connections between friction and the behavior of glasses and other disordered systems and, in the long run, may influence how scientists think about friction associated with earthquakes, industrial machinery, and micromachines. >>
David Lindley. Focus: Friction Remembers Its Origins. Physics 11, 55. Jun 1, 2018
lunedì 2 settembre 2019
# geo gst: even small flank failures can cause large tsunamis
<< Volcanogenic tsunamis are one of the deadliest volcanic phenomena. >>
<< Small flank failures causing large tsunamis represent a vastly underappreciated geohazards-current tsunami monitoring systems do not monitor for this kind of volcanic activity, instead focusing on large earthquakes or proxies related to unusual increases in magma intrusion. >>
<< This collapse was captured in unprecedented detail by satellite remote sensing, providing an opportunity to understand the collapse of the volcano (Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia) in a way that has not previously been possible at any volcanic island in the world. >>
Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami. Geological Society of America. Aug 30, 2019. https://m.phys.org/news/2019-08-reconstructing-anak-krakatau-flank-collapse.html
<< the volume of material initially lost from the volcano flank failure (..) was relatively small (~0.1 km3) compared to the overall changes observed during the entire eruption, but it was nonetheless able to generate rapid tsunami waves with devastating impacts. The flank failure also changed the eruption style and the upper volcanic plumbing system, with the subsequent explosive eruptions destroying the summit and then partially rebuilding the lost flank. >>
Rebecca Williams, Pete Rowley, Matthew C. Garthwaite. Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami. Geology. doi.org/10.1130/G46517.1. Aug 30, 2019. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/573356/reconstructing-the-anak-krakatau-flank-collapse